Helicobacter Pylori, also known as helicobacter is a bacterium that is usually found in the stomach. It is present in almost half the world's population. The vast majority of people infected with H.pylori infection have no symptoms and never develop problems. However, H.pylori can cause a number of digestive problems, including ulcers, and, more rarely, gastric cancer. It is not clear why some people with helicobacter get these conditions, others do not. This article discusses the symptoms, testing and treatment of infections helicobacter pylori. Ulcers of the stomach, also known as peptic ulcer disease are discussed separately. (See)
H. PYLORI RISK FACTORS
H. pylori is likely to cover a lot of food or water contaminated with feces. H. pylori causes changes in the stomach and duodenum (first part of the small intestine) (
). Bacteria infect the protective tissue that lines the abdomen. This leads to the selection of certain enzymes and toxins and activation of the immune system. Together, these factors directly or indirectly can damage cells of the stomach or duodenum. It causes chronic inflammation in the walls of the stomach (gastritis) or duodenum (duodenitis). As a result of these changes, stomach and duodenum are more vulnerable to damage from digestive juices, such as stomach acid. In the United States and other developed countries, infection with helicobacter unusual in childhood, but becomes more common in adults. However, in developing countries, most children infected with H. pylori to 10 years. H. PYLORI symptoms
Most people with chronic gastritis or duodenitis have no symptoms. However, some people develop more serious problems, including stomach or duodenum. Ulcers can cause various symptoms or no symptoms, the most common symptoms of ulcers, including:
, ulcers that bleed can lead to low levels and fatigue (see Rarely, chronic gastritis causes pathological changes in gastric mucosa, which can lead to certain forms of cancer. It is unusual to develop cancer as a result of infection of H.pylori. However, because so many people worldwide are infected with helicobacter, it is an important cause of stomach cancer. People who live in countries where the helicobacter infection occurs at an early age, exposed to the greatest risk of stomach cancer. H. PYLORI DIAGNOSIS
There are several ways of diagnosing H. pylori. most commonly used tests include the following:
Blood tests can detect specific antibodies (proteins) that the body's immune system develops in response to the bacterium helicobacter breath tests (called urea breath tests) require that you drink a solution containing specialized. substance that is broken bacterium H.pylori. decay products can be detected in your breath. Tests You can find that H. pylori proteins in the stool. WHO should be checked for helicobacter? diagnostic testing for Helicobacter Pylori infection is recommended if you have active stomach or duodenal ulcers or if you have a history of ulcers. Although helicobacter infection is the most common cause ulcers, not all patients with ulcers in H. pylori. Some drugs (eg aspirin, ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil), naproxen (Aleve)) can also cause ulcers. (qv)
H. pylori testing is generally not recommended unless you have no symptoms and no history of peptic ulcer. However, they may be considered for individuals, such as family history and concerns about stomach cancer, particularly people of Chinese, Korean , Japanese or American origin Central, these groups have a higher incidence of gastric cancer H. PYLORI TREATMENT.
People with a history of peptic ulcer disease, active gastric or duodenal ulcers associated with active helicobacter infection should be treated. Successful treatment of Helicobacter pylori can help heal ulcers, prevent ulcers from returning and reduce the risk of ulcer complications (eg bleeding). No drug treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Treatment involves taking several drugs for 7 to 14 days. Most of the treatment regimen include drugs called proton pump inhibitors . This medicine reduces the production of stomach acid, allowing damaged tissue infections heal. Examples of proton pump inhibitors include lansoprazole (Prevacid), omeprazole (Prilosec), pantoprazole (Protonix), rabeprazole (Aciphex), dexlansoprazole (Dexilant) and esomeprazole (Neksium) . two antibiotics and is usually recommended. it reduces the risk of clinical failure and resistance to antibiotics, although the optimal treatment of Helicobacter pylori continuing investigation, the American College of Gastroenterology recommend four specific schemes drug that used a combination of at least three drugs. These schemes are successfully cured the infection to 90 percent of people . For the treatment of H. pylori to be effective, it is important that the entire course of all drugs. to 50 percent of patients, side effects while taking H. pylori treatment. Side effects are generally mild and less than 10 percent of patients discontinue treatment because of side effects. For those who experience side effects, it may be possible to make changes in dose or duration of treatment. Some of the most common side effects are described below. Some treatment regimen using drugs called metronidazole (Flagyl) or clarithromycin (Biaxin ). This medicine may cause metallic taste in the mouth. Alcoholic beverages (eg beer, wine) should be avoided while on metronidazole, the combination can cause flushing, headache, nausea, vomiting, sweating, heart palpitations bismuth, which contained in some schemes, causing stool to become black and can cause constipation Many schemes .. cause diarrhea and stomach spasms. to 20 percent of patients with helicobacter infection is not cured after the first course of treatment. second scheme of treatment is usually recommended in this case. again usually requires the patient to receive 14 days of proton pump inhibitor and two antibiotics. At least one of the antibiotics are different from those in the first year of treatment. After H. pylori treatment, repeat testing is usually done in order to infection resolved. This is usually done with a breath or stool (see
above) blood is not recommended for these tests,. found antibody levels often remain in the blood within four months or more after treatment, even after the infection is eliminated helicobacter pylori., also known as helicobacter is a bacterium that is usually found in the stomach. Most people infected with H.pylori infection have no problems. However, some people develop problems such as stomach ulcers. Ulcers may cause no symptoms, or may cause pain or discomfort (usually in the upper abdomen), bloating, feeling of fullness after eating a small amount of food, lack of appetite, nausea, vomiting, dark or colored resin chair. ulcers that bleed can lead to low blood . H. pylori can be diagnosed by testing blood, breath, or stool. H. pylori testing is recommended for people with peptic ulcer (stomach or duodenal) ulcers. Any diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori should be treated. H. pylori treatment promotes healing of ulcers, reduces the risk that the ulcer will not return, and reduces the risk of bleeding ulcers. H. pylori treatment usually includes several drugs. At least two types of drugs that help antibiotics to kill bacteria. Other drug causes the stomach to less acid lower levels of acid to help heal ulcers Most people are cured after one to two weeks of Medicine Some people need to take two weeks of medicine is important to finish all the medication ... so that bacteria are killed. breath or stool is usually done after completion of treatment. This is done to ensure that bacteria were killed. Your doctor is the best source of information on issues and problems related to your medical problem. This article will be updated as needed on strattera no prescritpion our website (). Related topics for patients and Selected articles written for healthcare professionals are also available. Some of the most important are listed below. UpToDate offers two types of patient education materials. basics of teaching patients to respond to four or five key issues, the patient may indicate whether or another state. These articles are the best for patients who want an overview and who prefer a short, easy to read materials. The basis of the study patients longer, more complex, and more. These articles are the best for patients who want more information and comfortable with some medical terms. professional level article designed to keep physicians and other health professionals to-date with the latest medical research. These articles carefully, long and complex, and they contain numerous references to studies on which they are based. Professional Article level best suited for people who are familiar with a lot of medical terminology and who want to read the same material doctors read. following organizations also provide reliable information to health. ((((([version of UpToDate, Inc would like to thank Dr. Mr. David A. Peura, who contributed to earlier versions of this topic review.
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